running text book source code

hello guys

i am having a problem with running programs from the book that were posted out by the lecturer on my unisa. if i copy and paste the programs on my dev C++ compiler and try to compile the code i get an error like so:
error C:\unisa\COS3712\Untitled11.cpp:233`main' must return `int'
C:\unisa\COS3712\Makefile.win [Build Error] exe: *** [Untitled11.o] Error 1

much appreciate it in advance.

It's probably that your compiler is set to "strict" mode or whatever.
Since it says that your main function needs to return an int, make it return an int.

The int will be your exit status (0 - Normal Termination , 1 - Abnormal Termination)

Do like so

Language: C++
#include <whateverwhatever>
 
int main() {
    someGLFunctionCallHere();
    ...
    ...
    ...
 
    return 0;
}

i did that and it still gives me the same error

The error message merely means that the build failed.
Check the log to see why.

Possible cause is that you need to link to the correct libraries.
Check you compiler settings.

Should have mentioned -

Have a look at the Unisa CD - COS2611
There is some useful info on troubleshooting Dev C++.

bigron11 everything is setup as instructed in the unisa cd and when i run programs using just the normal source files they run ok, only when im using opengl i get those errors. but another thing is that the opengl test program included in the unisa disk runs with no problem, its just the book code provided by the lecturer... 5th edition code.

Google this:

Makefile.win [Build Error] exe: *** [Untitled11.o] Error 1

and you will get some useful info.

ok cool, thanks

Troubleshooting
It is possible that Dev-C++ doesn't know where the MinGW compiler is. Check the following in "Tools | Compiler Options" under the "Directories" tab:
C:\unisa\mingw\bin should be added to "Binaries".
C:\unisa\mingw\lib should be added to "Libraries".
C:\unisa\mingw\include should be added to "C Includes".
"C++ Includes" should be empty.
Note that if you installed the MinGW compiler in a directory other than the default (i.e. not in C:\unisa\mingw) then you will have to change these paths accordingly.
Also check that the correct make program is being used: Click on "Tools | Compiler Oprions" and then on the "Programs" tab. Make sure that mingw32-make.exe is specified as the make program (and not gmake.exe).

If you get an error of this type:
C:\unisa\xxxx\Makefile.win [Build Error] * [xxx_private.res] Error 1
during make, retry the make/compile again and the error should dissappear.

that part is 100%

>princedavinci

try the following it helped me get my program to work.

1. Use DevC++ 4.9.9.2 available here:http://sourceforge.net/projects/dev-cpp/files/Binaries/Dev-C%2B%2B%204.9.9.2/devcpp-4.9.9.2_setup.exe/download for free
2. Once installed do the following:
3. Go Tools Menu
4. Click Check for Updates/Packages
5. Under Select devpak server: choose devpaks.org Community Devpaks
6. Click Check for updates
7. Scroll down and look for glut and freeglut
8. Tick inside the square box next to glut and freeglut
9. Click Check for updates again glut wil be downloaded and installed automatically
10. After installation is finished you will have templates for glut programs under the multimedia tab in the create project window

If this don't help check your program. I didn't tried to run Angel's codes in the book.

ok cool will try that now!

Quote

error C:\unisa\COS3712\Untitled11.cpp:233`main' must return `int'
C:\unisa\COS3712\Makefile.win [Build Error] exe: *** [Untitled11.o] Error 1

You're all over-analysing and missing the point. You need to actually read the error messages before wildly guessing at possible causes.

When I read these two message lines, what I see is that there is one error. The second line merely restates that the compile, as a whole, failed, so it's not a second error.

The crux of the problem is described in the first line.

What it's saying is that it found an error on line 233 of Untitled11.cpp. ((The mere fact that this error line was reported means that your compiler is setup properly. There's no need to go on a wild goose chase looking to see if MinGW is installed correctly or not. If it wasn't, you wouldn't have gotten this far.))

The error is saying that 'main' must return 'int'. This is in the format or <FUNCTION> must return a value of <TYPE>. That's all it's saying. This kind of error is most commonly shown when you forget to return a value, or if you are returning a value, then you're returning a value of a different type and that type cannot be automatically converted into the expected type.


FYI:
The main function is a very special function. You have to have one so that the startup code (added automatically by the compiler) knows which part of your code must start.

Although you are usually told to create the function with a return type of int, this is not a requirement. Any of the following prototypes are allowed for the main function:

void main();
void main(int argc, char **argv);
int main();
int main(int argc, char **argv);

(There may be more acceptable versions)

When you define a return type, make sure you return a value, and that if you have conditional constructs (eg if () statements), that all possible execution paths return a value.

Quote
dubbelodub
The int will be your exit status (0 - Normal Termination , 1 - Abnormal Termination)

This is not a rule, this is merely a convention. You can return any value you wish. The return value is only of use if your program was executed by some other program and it needs to know whether your program succeeded or not, or if some other state was achieved. The actual values are irrelevant but both programs must agree what the various values mean.

@robanaurochs

Oh okay, I see you're right.

Just out of interest have you done/are you doing this course?

I'm an old student. I just haven't visited Osprey in a while.

Well stick around man. You're a legend